<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>painting Archives - YOG JOSHI ART</title>
	<atom:link href="https://www.yogjoshi.com/tag/painting/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://www.yogjoshi.com/tag/painting/</link>
	<description>Illustration &#124; Visual Development</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Tue, 08 Sep 2020 01:41:02 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<language>en-US</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>
	hourly	</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>
	1	</sy:updateFrequency>
	<generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9</generator>

<image>
	<url>https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/cropped-yog-logo-2-32x32.png</url>
	<title>painting Archives - YOG JOSHI ART</title>
	<link>https://www.yogjoshi.com/tag/painting/</link>
	<width>32</width>
	<height>32</height>
</image> 
	<item>
		<title>Animation -Waterfall- Process Included</title>
		<link>https://www.yogjoshi.com/waterfall-animation/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Mar 2018 18:52:26 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[animated]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[animation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[animation tutorial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[flashfx]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[flashfx.blogspot]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[illustration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[painting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[photoshop animated]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[photoshop animation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[photoshop painting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[water animation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[waterfall animation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[waterfall animation tutorial]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.yogjoshi.com/?p=3567</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com/waterfall-animation/">Animation -Waterfall- Process Included</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com">YOG JOSHI ART</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wpb-content-wrapper"><div    class="vc_row wpb_row " style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper">
	<div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " >
		<div class="wpb_wrapper">
			<p>Here is my first animated environment. Everything was made using photoshop. Though it took a really long time to create, I enjoyed the process and learned a lot! Regardless of my rusty animation skills, I hope you can enjoy the overall mood. Down below is a brief explanation of how I approached this work.</p>
<div class="blog_share"><span class="social_share_holder"><span class="social_share_icon"></span><div class="social_share_dropdown"><ul><li class="share_title"><span>Share on</span></li><li class="facebook_share"><a title="Share on Facebook" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="window.open('http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.yogjoshi.com/waterfall-animation/', 'sharer', 'toolbar=0,status=0,width=620,height=280');"><i class="icon-facebook"></i><span class='share_text'>Share</span></a></li><li class="twitter_share"><a href="#" title="Share on Twitter" onclick="popUp=window.open('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=https://www.yogjoshi.com/waterfall-animation/', 'popupwindow', 'scrollbars=yes,width=800,height=400');popUp.focus();return false;"><i class="icon-twitter"></i><span class='share_text'>Tweet</span></a></li></ul></div></span></div>
<p>A GIF of the animation and A video with sound</p>
<p><a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/animated_waterfall__video_and_process_below__by_yogfingers-dc5dpzi.gif" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="wp-image-4898 size-full alignnone" src="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/animated_waterfall__video_and_process_below__by_yogfingers-dc5dpzi.gif" alt="" width="583" height="720" /></a></p>

		</div>
	</div>

	<div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix   vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" >
		<div class="wpb_wrapper">
			
			<div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe title="Photoshop Waterfall Animation - Download Available" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kiCK-L4J9Fs?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
		</div>
	</div>

	<div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " >
		<div class="wpb_wrapper">
			<p>Here is a very rough sketch of the scene. Initially, I had no plan to animate. I just wanted to create a finished environment illustration.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/sketch.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-3573 size-large" src="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/sketch-401x400.jpg" alt="initial sketch for the waterfall animation" width="401" height="400" srcset="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/sketch-401x400.jpg 401w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/sketch-500x500.jpg 500w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/sketch.jpg 700w" sizes="(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px" /></a></p>
<p>However, during the same time, I started practicing some animation. I always had a desire to bring my environments to life by incorporating some animation into the scene. I started off by doing a water splash study from <a href="http://flashfx.blogspot.com/search/label/water" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Flashfx.Blogspot</a>  (Its an amazing tutorial, I highly recommend checking it out). After understanding a bit about fluid dynamics, I was inspired to animate the scene above.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/giphy-1.gif" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-3575 size-full" src="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/giphy-1.gif" alt="Flash Fx Animation" width="480" height="270" /></a></p>
<p>Here is a rough map-out showing what areas of the stream/waterfall I wanted to animate. The animation was broken down into 5 parts. 1) the stream at the top going right to left, passing under the prehistoric monument. 2) the top water fall  3)the mist/splash at the base of the fall 4) the stream following it 5)the second water fall (a copy of the first the fall but just offset by a few frames so it doesn&#8217;t seem synchronized).</p>
<p>The speed of the entire body of water is 10 frames per second. Some parts of the running water are 5frames and other parts are 10. This allows a variety in the speed, giving the water a more fluid and organic appearance. If the animation sequence of everything was 10 frames long, the movement of the water would appear calculated and not feel natural.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/waterfall-planning-1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-3574 size-large" src="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/waterfall-planning-1-386x400.jpg" alt="Planning for the waterfall animation " width="386" height="400" srcset="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/waterfall-planning-1-386x400.jpg 386w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/waterfall-planning-1-482x500.jpg 482w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/waterfall-planning-1.jpg 675w" sizes="(max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px" /> </a><a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/giphy.gif" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-4906 " src="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/giphy.gif" alt="" width="316" height="398" /></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.inprnt.com/gallery/yog_joshi/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-3655" src="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/inprint-poster_banner1.jpg" alt="" width="466" height="195" srcset="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/inprint-poster_banner1.jpg 700w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/inprint-poster_banner1-500x209.jpg 500w" sizes="(max-width: 466px) 100vw, 466px" /></a></p>
<p>I only used these 7 sequences to create the entire body of water. I reused some by flipping them horizontally and or offsetting the frames.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/giphy-1-1.gif" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-4908 size-full" src="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/giphy-1-1.gif" alt="" width="366" height="355" /></a></p>
<p>Later on I decided to add moving grass and flies to the scene. Just some subtle detail to make the environment feel more believable. Again I altered the frame lengths for each element. One of the flies&#8217;s length is actually 20 frames.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/close-up.gif" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-4911" src="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/close-up.gif" alt="" width="753" height="445" /></a></p>
<p>For animating in photoshop I used the video timeline and an animation plugin called <a href="https://github.com/sbaril/Photoshop-Animation" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">AnimDessin2</a> (<a href="https://github.com/sbaril/Photoshop-Animation" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">link to source files and installation instructions</a>). Photoshop isn&#8217;t the best software for animation but it is fairly straightforward and a good place to start. Soon I will upgrade to a more efficient software like <a href="https://www.adobe.com/products/animate.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Adobe Animate</a> or <a href="https://www.tvpaint.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TVPaint</a>.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/animdessin-image.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-3579 size-large" src="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/animdessin-image-562x400.jpg" alt="photoshop animation - screenshot " width="562" height="400" srcset="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/animdessin-image-562x400.jpg 562w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/animdessin-image-500x356.jpg 500w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/animdessin-image-768x547.jpg 768w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/animdessin-image.jpg 1527w" sizes="(max-width: 562px) 100vw, 562px" /></a></p>
<p>Here is tutorial that shows you how to use AnimDessin</p>
<h4> </h4>
<figure class="wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio">
<div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuUFj_i-OII</div>
</figure>
<p>A video I posted on <a href="https://www.instagram.com/yogjoshiart/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Instagram</a>, showing the first stage of the animation.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div style="width: 640px;" class="wp-video"><video class="wp-video-shortcode" id="video-3567-1" width="640" height="798" preload="metadata" controls="controls"><source type="video/mp4" src="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/28389119_1801464809906137_3539113426259279872_n.mp4?_=1" /><a href="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/28389119_1801464809906137_3539113426259279872_n.mp4">http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/28389119_1801464809906137_3539113426259279872_n.mp4</a></video></div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image"><a href="https://gum.co/waterfall-animation" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1280" height="720" class="wp-image-4153" src="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/youtube-cover_waterfall-animation03gumroad.jpg" alt="" srcset="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/youtube-cover_waterfall-animation03gumroad.jpg 1280w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/youtube-cover_waterfall-animation03gumroad-711x400.jpg 711w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/youtube-cover_waterfall-animation03gumroad-500x281.jpg 500w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/youtube-cover_waterfall-animation03gumroad-768x432.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /></a></figure>
<p>Would you like to see how I created this waterfall animation? Well give this photoshop file a download and dig through all the layers and frames!</p>
<p><a href="https://gum.co/waterfall-animation" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Download Now ($2+) : Waterfall Animation (PSD) Photoshop File</a></p>
<p>And finally, an image of the completed painting.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image"><a href="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/painting.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-3572 size-large" src="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/painting-305x400.jpg" alt="final painting - waterfall animation" width="305" height="400" srcset="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/painting-305x400.jpg 305w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/painting-381x500.jpg 381w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/painting-768x1007.jpg 768w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/painting.jpg 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 305px) 100vw, 305px" /></a></figure>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">If you found this content helpful or inspiring, please consider supporting my art and website by <a href="https://www.inprnt.com/gallery/yog_joshi/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Buying a Print</a>, using my <a href="http://www.yogjoshi.com/resource/">Resource List</a> or making a <a href="https://www.paypal.me/yogjoshi">small donation VIA PayPal</a>. Thank you &#8211; Yog</h4>
<p>&nbsp;</p>

		</div>
	</div>
</div></div></div></div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com/waterfall-animation/">Animation -Waterfall- Process Included</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com">YOG JOSHI ART</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/28389119_1801464809906137_3539113426259279872_n.mp4" length="0" type="video/mp4" />

			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Taking an Environment Design Course</title>
		<link>https://www.yogjoshi.com/taking-an-environment-design-course/</link>
					<comments>https://www.yogjoshi.com/taking-an-environment-design-course/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 26 Sep 2015 06:16:20 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Amit Dutta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art course]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[composition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[digital art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[environment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[environment design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[environment design course]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[free course]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[monkeybread]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[monkeybreadart]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[painting]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.yogjoshi.com/?p=2733</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Hello all! So for the next 8-9 weeks I will be taking an environment design course taught by Amit Dutta. If you are not familiar with his work, please check it out here: http://monkeybreadart.tumblr.com/. I have been following Amit&#8217;s work for the past 1.5-2 years...</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com/taking-an-environment-design-course/">Taking an Environment Design Course</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com">YOG JOSHI ART</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://crimsondaggers.com/forum/thread-6851.html" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-2734 alignright" src="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/EnvDes_classbanner-500x270.jpeg" alt="EnvDes_classbanner" width="500" height="270" srcset="https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/EnvDes_classbanner-500x270.jpeg 500w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/EnvDes_classbanner-742x400.jpeg 742w, https://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/EnvDes_classbanner.jpeg 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></a></p>
<p>Hello all! So for the next 8-9 weeks I will be taking an environment design course taught by <span style="color: #d9ff00;"><a style="color: #d9ff00;" href="http://monkeybreadart.tumblr.com/" target="_blank">Amit Dutta</a></span>. If you are not familiar with his work, please check it out here: <span style="color: #d9ff00;"><a style="color: #d9ff00;" href="http://monkeybreadart.tumblr.com/" target="_blank">http://monkeybreadart.tumblr.com/</a></span>. I have been following Amit&#8217;s work for the past 1.5-2 years and I am amazed with the progress he has made in such a short time. Seeing the time and dedication artists like him put into their work is truly inspiring. When I heard that Amit was offering a course in environment design, I knew it was an opportunity I couldn&#8217;t afford to pass by. So every week he will provide the class with a recorded lecture/demo, followed by an assignment. At the end of each week, students will be required to submit their assignments and Amit will provide live/recorded feedback. If you wish to know more details about the course, please visit the official Crimson Daggers thread: <span style="color: #d9ff00;"><a style="color: #d9ff00;" href="http://crimsondaggers.com/forum/thread-6851.html" target="_blank">http://crimsondaggers.com/forum/thread-6851.html</a></span></p>
<p>I am taking this course because I want to improve in my sense of composition, design, mood, and narrative. And by looking at Amit&#8217;s work and the progress he has made, I believe he has a lot of knowledge and wisdom to provide. Also, I look forward to meet new artists in the course. Having such a community could be great for helping one another out and keeping each other motivated. I basically want to get as much feedback as I can so I can improve quickly.</p>
<p>A big cheers to the beginning of this course!</p>
<p>-Yog</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com/taking-an-environment-design-course/">Taking an Environment Design Course</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com">YOG JOSHI ART</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://www.yogjoshi.com/taking-an-environment-design-course/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Painting and Photo Studies</title>
		<link>https://www.yogjoshi.com/painting-and-photo-studies/</link>
					<comments>https://www.yogjoshi.com/painting-and-photo-studies/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2015 02:46:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Studies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Digital Painting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[environment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Joaquin Sorolla y Bastida]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[landscape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Painterly]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[painting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sorolla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Study]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Winslow Homer]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.yogjoshi.com/?p=2713</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Wow, I cant remember the last time I did a photo/painting study. I used to do them all the time and I do not know why I stopped. I certainly regret it now because my work has been getting stale. My sense of color and...</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com/painting-and-photo-studies/">Painting and Photo Studies</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com">YOG JOSHI ART</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Wow, I cant remember the last time I did a photo/painting study. I used to do them all the time and I do not know why I stopped. I certainly regret it now because my work has been getting stale. My sense of color and composition needs improvement, so that has been my main focus. I have also been trying to watch how others artists handle their edges and brush marks. I especially enjoy pieces of work with suggestive details. A painting that reads with minimum brushstrokes is something quite magical.</p>
<h6 style="text-align: right;"><a href="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/winslow-homer-study.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2498" src="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/winslow-homer-study.jpg" alt="winslow homer study" width="1306" height="924" /></a><em>Winslow Homer Study</em></h6>
<h6 style="text-align: right;"><a href="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Joaquin-Sorolla-y-Bastida-study.jpg"><img decoding="async" src="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Joaquin-Sorolla-y-Bastida-study.jpg" alt="Joaquin Sorolla y Bastida study" width="1289" height="866" /></a><em><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Sorolla Study</span></em></h6>
<h6 style="text-align: right;"><a style="line-height: 1.5em;" href="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/green-hills_notes.jpg"><img decoding="async" src="http://www.yogjoshi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/green-hills_notes.jpg" alt="green hills_notes" width="1480" height="1540" /></a><em>Photo Study </em></h6>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com/painting-and-photo-studies/">Painting and Photo Studies</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.yogjoshi.com">YOG JOSHI ART</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://www.yogjoshi.com/painting-and-photo-studies/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
	</channel>
</rss>

<!--
Performance optimized by W3 Total Cache. Learn more: https://www.boldgrid.com/w3-total-cache/

Object Caching 106/111 objects using disk
Page Caching using disk: enhanced 

Served from: www.yogjoshi.com @ 2025-12-13 11:48:34 by W3 Total Cache
-->